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 In the 1910s and 1920s, when the Clark brothers began collecting European art, Impressionist paintings were becoming increasingly popular with American collectors. Sterling eventually acquired a broad range of works by most of the prominent Impressionists, works that soon formed the heart of his collection. These artists, he felt, had inherited and updated traditional Renaissance painting techniques. Stephen collected in this field much more selectively. He once commented to a dealer that "the Impressionist School does not interest me tremendously," but he did seek out singular masterpieces by artists such as Édouard Manet, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, and Edgar Degas.

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